Psychoactive substances are used to help manage pain and for this reason, many medications contain them. If their consumption is well regulated by a medical prescription and is supervised by a medical professional, the chances of developing dependence are lower. On the other hand, regular and uncontrolled use over a long period can lead to dependence resulting from the body's tolerance to these substances. Often, signs of dependence manifest as a sudden or compulsive urge to consume.
Any uncontrolled consumption of any psychoactive substance can lead to an overdose. It is important to be able to recognize the signs and know the appropriate actions to take.
Psychoactive substances are used to help manage pain and for this reason, many medications contain them. If their consumption is well regulated by a medical prescription and is supervised by a medical professional, the chances of developing dependence are lower. On the other hand, regular and uncontrolled use over a long period can lead to dependence resulting from the body's tolerance to these substances. Often, signs of dependence manifest as a sudden or compulsive urge to consume.
Any uncontrolled consumption of any psychoactive substance can lead to an overdose. It is important to be able to recognize the signs and know the appropriate actions to take.
What are the types of psychoactive substances?
They are classified into 3 major groups based on the effects they have on the central nervous system.
Disruptors or hallucinogens
Are characterized by their effects that disorient or disrupt the senses of the user. (e.g.: cannabis, magic mushrooms, or ecstasy)
Depressants
Are characterized by effects of slowing down or numbing the person. (e.g.: opioids, alcohol, GHB, or heroin)
Stimulants
Propel excitement or agitation in the person. (e.g.: amphetamines, cocaine, or methamphetamines)
What are the signs of an overdose?
In a situation where a person consumes more psychoactive substances than their body can handle, they will begin to exhibit signs and symptoms of overdose. Notably:
- severe headaches
- chest pain or heart palpitations
- difficulty breathing
- confusion or paranoia
- seizures
- hallucinations or delusions
- excessive sweating
- pale or bluish skin
- low body temperature or clammy skin
- difficulty speaking
- vomiting
- slow, irregular, or fast heartbeat
- loss of consciousness
3 things to do if you suspect an overdose
- Call 911 immediately.
- Stay on site and perform CPR if the person is in respiratory arrest.
- Secure the person on their side to wait for help.
For all cases of overdose, naloxone, a specific antidote to opioids, can save a life if administered properly and quickly. It temporarily reverses the effects of an opioid overdose. Naloxone is safe and does not pose a danger to the health of the poisoned person, nor to the health of a person who is not poisoned by opioids.
Did you know that?
Quebec is one of only two Canadian provinces to offer its population a naloxone access program that is free and without a prescription in community pharmacies.
Also, if you have taken drugs or have them on you, the Good Samaritan Overdose Relief Act protects you from charges of simple drug possession. This law applies to the person asking for help and everyone present when help arrives.
Resources available to listen to you or support you
If you have doubts, want to stop using or know someone who could be struggling with an addiction, it is possible to receive support from professionals.
The Native Friendship Center in your region
Info-Santé/Info-Social
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